Approaches to Translation and Compilation in a Multilingual System

Abstract

Digital transformation in education brings to the forefront the task of lowering the entry barrier into
programming for the youngest audience. As a solution, the use of block-based environments, such as "PiktoMir-K,"
is proposed. These environments allow users to focus on the algorithmic component, bypassing the complexities of
professional tools. The article details the system's core, which is built on the separation of a universal SyntaxTree,
storing the program's semantics, and a VisualTree, responsible for its rendering. This approach implements
a multilingualism function, allowing for instant switching of the code representation between different syntaxes
(KuMir, Python, C++). Furthermore, the syntax tree is used to compile the program into a set of instructions for a
virtual stack machine. It is shown that the proposed architecture is flexible and extensible, opening up possibilities for
supporting new languages and translation into various executable formats.